TuxArena | Guide: Show System/Hardware Information in Linux
This is a tutorial aimed at showing how to get hardware and general system information on Linux. There are also a few examples which normally work on Debian and its derivatives, like Ubuntu or Linux Mint.
Kernel Info
The tool which is always at hand when looking for basic system information and kernel information is uname. To output all the available information this tool can show, use uname -a. Example output:$ uname -a Linux mint 3.13.0-24-generic #47-Ubuntu SMP Fri May 2 23:31:42 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux
HDD Info
A very good tool for getting HDD information and health reporting is smartctl, included in thesmartmontools package.
To get HDD information, run it like this:
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
HDD Partition Info/Free Space
df is a tool used to report total, used and free space on HDD partitions or other mounted filesystems, like USB memory drives. It's usually availale on any Linux system, inside the/bin directory. Probably the most usual way to use it is df -h, which will display information using human-readable format for sizes (KB, MB and so on). Example output:$ df -h /dev/sda6 82G 67G 11G 87% /floydb /dev/sda5 202G 184G 7.4G 97% /floyda
- 1st column: device
- 2nd column: total filesystem space
- 3rd column: used filesystem space
- 4th column: free filesystem space
- 5th column: free filesystem space in percentage of the total size
- 6th column: mount point
$ df -T /dev/sda6 ext3 82G 67G 11G 87% /floydb /dev/sda5 ext3 202G 184G 7.4G 97% /floyda
Grouping arguments works as well:
df -hT
CPU Temperature
For this we will use the sensors tool, which is available in the lm-sensors package, which is a hardware health monitoring tool. Here's how the output may look like, showing the temperature of each of the CPU cores:$ sensors Core 0: +32.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C) Core 1: +33.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Memory Info
Use the free tool, located inside /usr/bin:$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3913 3502 411 179 277 1965
Debian Version
Debian comes with the plain text file /etc/debian_version showing the codename of the release. This is also available in Ubuntu or Mint:$ cat /etc/debian_version jessie/sid
Ubuntu/Mint Version
Ubuntu and Mint have a similar file showing the codename of the release in /etc/issue:$ cat /etc/issue Linux Mint 17 Qiana \n \l
Powerful System Info Script: inxi
Linux Mint comes with the powerful inxi script installed by default, providing comprehensive information about the system hardware and software.
By default, inxi will report a short description for the CPU, kernel version or memory, but it can display detailed information using various switches.
$ inxi CPU~Dual core Intel Celeron CPU G530 (-MCP-) clocked at 1600.000 Mhz Kernel~3.13.0-24-generic i686 Up~1 day Mem~1093.9/3913.6MB HDD~500.1GB(66.3% used) Procs~189 Client~Shell inxi~1.8.4
Inxi: Motherboard and BIOS Info
$ inxi -M
Machine: Mobo: ASUSTeK model: P8H61-M LX3 PLUS R2.0 version: Rev X.0x
Bios: American Megatrends version: 1106 date: 02/25/2014
Inxi: Audio Info
$ inxi -A
Audio: Card: Intel 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ver: k3.13.0-24-generic
Additional Info: /proc
Get CPU info:cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/meminfo
Processes Info: ps
See a list of processes:ps aux
Processes Monitoring: top and htop
Monitor processes in real-time with top and its improved, color-formatted variant, htop:$ top
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3913 3502 411 179 277 1965
...
Display Network Interfaces
The ifconfig tool will come in handy to show interfaces, IPs and MAC address of the network card:ifconfig eth0
Show Network Info and Open Sockets
Use the netstat tool:$ netstat Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:46653 localhost:microsoft-ds TIME_WAIT ...
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